What it really mean in terms of life in general and the lives we live as individuals
Rethinking Time, Space, and the Nature of the Universe.
Omni Magazine is back. Featured story:
Building Doctor Who’s Time Machine
What if you could travel through time just like you navigate space? The journey starts here
“Before I did the #icebucketchallenge, I challenged the leader of Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), Dr. Bob Lanza, to do the Ice Bucket Challenge. He did it and leading up to it he provided a quite articulate message for context (see video). Bob is one very cool guy even without ice water.”
Paul Knoepfler
Entire Company takes the Ice Bucket Challenge. Click Here to See Video.
BEYOND BIOCENTRISM
Rethinking Time, Space, Consciousness, and the Illusion of Death
Biocentrism shocked the world with a radical rethinking of the nature of reality … but that was just the beginning.
Biocentrism / Robert Lanza’s Theory of Everything
BIOCENTRISM
How Life and Consciousness are the Keys to Understanding the True Nature of the Universe
“Like “A Brief History of Time” it is indeed stimulating and brings biology into the whole. Any short statement does not do justice to such a scholarly work. Almost every society of mankind has explained the mystery of our surroundings and being by invoking a god or group of gods. Scientists work to acquire objective answers from the infinity of space or the inner machinery of the atom. Lanza proposes a biocentrist theory which ascribes the answer to the observer rather than the observed. The work is a scholarly consideration of science and philosophy that brings biology into the central role in unifying the whole. The book will appeal to an audience of many different disciplines because it is a new way of looking at the old problem of our existence. Most importantly, it makes you think.”
– Nobel Prize Winner E. Donnall Thomas
DISCOVER Interview: Robert Lanza
Growing new body parts, reversing paralysis, stretching the limits of the human life span: This trailblazing stem cell researcher believes it is all within our reach.
Discover Magazine
Meet AIRM’s Chief Scientific Officer: Dr. Robert Lanza
Regenerative medicine could revolutionize medicine, and provide therapies for the world’s most deadly conditions. [Read More]
If death doesn’t exist, then what happened to your dog?
THE GRAND BIOCENTRIC DESIGN: How Life Creates Reality
Why are we here? Where did it all come from―the laws of nature, the stars, the universe. Humans have been asking these questions forever, but science hasn’t succeeded in providing many answers—until now. In The Grand Biocentric Design, Robert Lanza, one of Time Magazine’s “100 Most Influential People,” is joined by theoretical physicist Matej Pavšič and astronomer Bob Berman to shed light on the big picture that has long eluded philosophers and scientists alike. [Read More]
BEYOND BIOCENTRISM: Rethinking Time, Space, Consciousness, and the Illusion of Death
Host Paul Kennedy has his understanding of reality turned-upside-down by Dr. Robert Lanza in this paradigm-shifting hour. Dr. Lanza provides a compelling argument for consciousness as the basis for the universe, rather than consciousness simply being its by-product.
On Decoherence in Quantum Gravity
In his papers on relativity, Einstein showed that time was relative to the observer. This new paper takes this one step further, arguing that the observer creates it. The paper shows that the intrinsic properties of quantum gravity and matter alone cannot explain the tremendous effectiveness of the emergence of time and the lack of quantum entanglement in our everyday world. Instead, it’s necessary to include the properties of the observer, and in particular, the way we process and remember information.
Omni Magazine is back. Featured story:
Building Doctor Who’s Time Machine
What if you could travel through time just like you navigate space? The journey starts here
Winner of Discover Magazine’s ‘People’s Choice’ Award
Stem cell breakthrough by Lanza and colleagues was voted the year\’s top story, beating the Ebola outbreak, climate change crisis, entangled photons, cosmic inflation, as well as the year’s other science stories ranging from topics in space exploration to mathematics, technology, paleontology, and the environment.
“Advancement Could Lead to Treatment for Alzheimer’s, Heart Disease”
Wall Street Journal [Read More]
“After years of failed attempts, researchers have finally generated stem cells from adults using the same cloning technique that produced Dolly the sheep in 1996. The process could provide a new way for scientists to generate healthy replacements for diseased or damaged cells in patients”
“First Embryonic Stem Cells Cloned From A Man’s Skin”
“I believe [Lanza’s] passionate advice to fledgling scientists to be persistent and not take ‘no’ for an answer will inspire students to stay true to their goals and dreams; it will inspire them to contribute in their classes and their communities, knowing that one day their ideas and inventions will become part of larger endeavors that positively impact humanity,” – Gregory Lamontagne, Vice-President for Academic Affairs, CCRI
Past honorees in other fields have included Dion, Susan Lucci, Tony Danza, Paul Giamatti, Paul Sorvino and Rudy Giuliani
Dr. Lanza received this year’s prestigious Il Leone di San Marco award in Medicine (along with Regis Philbin, who received the award in Entertainment). For 34 years, the Italian Heritage and Culture Committee has acknowledged outstanding Americans in fields such as the Performing Arts, Entertainment, Medicine, Journalism, Literature, Playwriting, Government, Science, Academia or Business. Past honorees have included Stanley Tucci, Paul Giamatti, Paul Sorvino, Danny Aiello, Armand Assante, Tony Danza, Susan Lucci, Dion DiMucci, Phil Ramone, Bart Giamatti, and Rudy Giuliani. Dr. Lanza was one of four people who received this year’s Il Leone di San Marco Award for their “many talents and great accomplishments” who represent the best in Italian-American culture.
Sixteen miles outside Boston, in the back corner of an unfinished basement, a teenage boy lowers his syringe to a chicken egg and takes aim. It’s 1969 and this is Robert Lanza’s first time experimenting with embryos. He isn’t yet a well-known scientist. He hasn’t achieved all those cloning and stem-cell firsts, hasn’t been called genius or renegade. He doesn’t wave to worry about being killed on his way to work. Journalists haven’t come up with the “real-life Good Will Hunting” analogy or suggested that he open his own Jurassic Park. He hasn’t worked with B.F. Skinner and Jonas Salk, hasn’t told off the former dean of Penn’s medical school. He doesn’t have a private 10-acre island and a house filled with dinosaur bones. That will all come later. Today he’s still just a kid, and he wants to win the school science fair. … Robby, the scrawny kid from Stoughton, Massachusetts, will become Bob Lanza—one of the most prominent and controversial figures in his field.
Dr. Robert Lanza featured in “CELLebrity” Doctors 2011 Calendar
Top U.S. scientists hang their lab coats for stem cell research fundraising efforts. The 2011 “CELLebrity” Doctors Calendar spotlights twelve highly renowned doctors in the U.S. and details the progress that has been made in their prospective medical fields. NOTE: All proceeds from calendar sales benefit SCF and will be earmarked towards funding stem cell research in the United States.
Stem Cell Eye Therapy Shows Promise: The study in The Lancet is the first published report on embryonic stem cell use in humans.
For the first time, an experimental treatment made from human embryonic stem cells has shown evidence of helping someone, partially restoring sight to two people suffering from slowly progressing forms of blindness
The first patients to receive human embryonic stem cell transplants say their lives have been transformed by the experimental procedure
Possible stem cell treatment for Macular Degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in older Americans
“This is the first time an embryonic stem cell therapy has been approved in Europe,” said Lanza.
“The initiation of these two clinical trials marks an important turning point for the field.” said Robert Lanza, the company’s chief scientific officer.
“Researchers see the start of a second set of tests, in blindness, as an important landmark for the stem-cell field.”
The great promise of stem cells is finally being put to the test. “We are finally ready to break ground on this field with the first trials,” says Dr. Robert Lanza, “It’s taken a decade of extensive research to get to this point.”
Lanza’s dream of turning human embryonic stem cells into therapies for the sick and the suffering is taking a huge step closer to reality.
NEWSWEEK
Federal officials have approved the start of human embryonic stem cell treatment experiments on patients suffering a leading cause of vision loss.
For only the second time, the Food and Drug Administration approved a company’s request to test an embryonic stem cell-based therapy on human patients.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the second human trial of human embryonic stem cells — this one testing cells in people with a progressive form of blindness.
An American biotech company has just announced that it has been licensed to begin human trials of a stem cell treatment for blindness.
Government regulators have given the go-ahead to a second study that will for the first time carefully test a treatment created using human embryonic stem cells in people, according to the company sponsoring the experiment.
Federal officials have cleared a second clinical trial of a human embryonic stem-cell treatment, a company announced Monday, for a progressive blindness syndrome affecting young people.
NEW YORK (AP) – For only the second time, the U.S. government has approved a test in people of a treatment using embryonic stem cells – this time for a rare disease that causes serious vision loss.
Advanced Cell Technology, of Marlborough, Mass., said it would test its stem cell therapy on 12 adults with severe vision loss caused by Stargardt’s, an inherited disease. The company has turned human embryonic stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells, which will be surgically implanted into the eye. The hope is that the implanted cells […]
An interview with the author of Biocentrism, a book that Nyogen Roshi (the last authorized disciple of Taizan Maezumi Roshi, the foremost Zen master of the twentieth century) describes as mirroring his experiences in the practice of zazen as closely as anything he has encountered in a modern writer.
“My special guest is Dr. Robert Lanza and his extraordinary mind, I just finished reading his book Biocentrism and I said to myself, ‘Finally, aha, somebody that I can totally relate to.’”
“Deepak Chopra”
“TIME Magazine: Top 100 Icons of the Century”
“To give us a glimpse about some of the big breakthroughs that were made in biotechnology, we have Dr. Robert Lanza of Advanced Cell Technology. He is one of the leading scientists making breakthroughs in this fast moving field.”
“Dr. Michio Kaku”
“Professor of Theoretical Physics and Co-Founder of String Theory”
“The Universe in Your Head”
“Stem cell pioneer Robert Lanza generates controversy on a whole different plane with ‘Biocentrism,’ a book that lays out his theory of everything.” Alan Boyle, MSNBC’s Science Editor
“Free Online Abridgment”
“Exclusive online abridgement ‘Biocentrism’: How life creates the universe. Authors say cosmology misses the big picture unless it includes biology.”
MSNBC.com
“First published in 1997, Principles of Tissue Engineering is the widely recognized definitive resource in the field. Co-edited with Robert Langer, Institute Professor at MIT, and Joseph Vacanti, The John Homans Professor at Harvard Medical School (Langer and Vacanti are considered the founders of tissue engineering)”
Foreword by President Jimmy Carter. Includes the last works of Carl Sagan and Jonas Salk, and contributions by Director-General of UNESCO, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, President of the European Parliament, Director-General of the World Health Organization, and the Ministers of Health from the United Kingdom, France, Japan, India and Russia, among others. Conclusion by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
“This book is as bold and ambitious in scope as its title promises.”
– The New England Journal of Medicine
“There are More Books”. Click Here to See them All
Robert Lanza and Kwang-Soo Kim of Harvard University have won a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director’s Opportunity Award for research in “Translating Basic Science Discoveries into New and Better Treatments” under the American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009.
Dr. Lanza Recognized as a “Stem Cell Pioneer”
WORCESTER, MA – May 10, 2010 (BUSINESS WIRE)—Advanced Cell Technology, Inc. (“ACT”; OTCBB: ACTC) announced today that the company’s Chief Scientific Officer, Robert Lanza, MD, has been recognized by BioWorld, a widely-read publication covering the biotechnology industry, as one of 28 leaders predicted to be the “movers and […]
by Sharon Begley
Embryonic” and “senescent” aren’t supposed to go together any more than “good” and “grief” or other oxymorons, which is why biologist Robert Lanza was “devastated” when he saw what was happening with the human stem cells he and colleagues were trying to grow. Like hundreds of other stem-cell scientists, they had been intrigued […]
By Alice Park
Stem-cell science is a fast-moving field. Just three years since a Japanese researcher first reprogrammed ordinary skin cells into stem cells without the use of embryos, scientists at a Massachusetts biotech company have repeated the feat, only this time with a new method that creates the first stem cells safe enough for […]
THE GRAND BIOCENTRIC DESIGN
How Life Creates Reality
The theory that blew your mind in Biocentrism and Beyond Biocentrism is back, with brand-new research revealing that its radical claims might not be so radical after all.
What is consciousness? Why are we here? Where did it all come from? All of it, the laws of nature, the stars, the universe. Humans have been asking these questions forever, but science hasn’t succeeded in providing many answers – until now. In The Grand Bicoentric Design, Robert Lanza, one of Time Magazine’s “100 Most Influential People,” is joined by theoretical physicist Matej Pavsic and astronomer Bob Berman to shed light on the big picture that has long eluded philosophers and scientists alike.
The Grand Biocentric Design is a one-of-a-kind, groundbreaking explanation of how the universe works, and an exploration of the science behind the astounding fact that time, space, and reality itself, all ultimately depend on us.
BEYOND BIOCENTRISM
Rethinking Time, Space, Consciousness, and the Illusion of Death
Biocentrism shocked the world with a radical rethinking of the nature of reality … but that was just the beginning.
The Dawning of a New Era of Hope
Stem cell researcher Robert Lanza hopes to save thousands of lives — and for a long time this caused him to fear for his own… At the time, a doctor was threatened at a nearby fertility clinic, and a pipe bomb exploded at a bio lab in Boston. “Back then I thought that there was probably a 50-50 chance that I was going to get knocked off because I was so visible,” says the doctor. “I said, okay, try to kill me — I’m still going to do what I think is right.” In Lanza’s case, doing what is “right” involves working with therapies based on human stem cells. The blind shall see again; the paralyzed shall walk again; the hemophiliac shall not bleed anymore. That may sound like something out of the Bible, but Lanza is no faith healer. In fact, the US business magazine Fortune called him “the standard-bearer for stem cell research.” Lanza is often compared to the main character played by Matt Damon in the film “Good Will Hunting,” a highly talented outsider who, like Lanza, comes from a humble background.
Initial Success: “We have some surprisingly good visual outcome,” says Steven Schwartz, an eye surgeon at UCLA. He says that one of his patients can read a clock again and go shopping, while another can recognize colors again. Lanza is a “genius” and his work is “stellar,” Schwartz says.
Many years ago, as a young boy, I persuaded myself to make an immense journey.
by Robert Lanza (Editor), Irina Klimanskaya (Editor)
This is a fast moving field and these detailed methods will help drive advances in stem cell research. The editors have hand-selected step-by-step methods from researchers with extensive reputations and expertise. This volume, as part of the Reliable Lab Solutions series, delivers busy researchers a handy, time-saving source for the […]
By Shi-Jiang Lu, Qiang Feng, Jennifer Park, Loyda Vida, Bao-Shiang Lee, Michael Strausbauch, Peter Wettstein, George Honig, Robert Lanza
Human erythropoiesis is a complex multistep process that involves the differentiation of early erythroid progenitors to mature erythrocytes. Here we show that it is feasible to differentiate and mature human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into functional […]
Growing new body parts, reversing paralysis, stretching the limits of the human life span: This trailblazing stem cell researcher believes it is all within our reach.
Discover Magazine
BIOCENTRISM
How Life and Consciousness are the Keys to Understanding the True Nature of the Universe
“Like “A Brief History of Time” it is indeed stimulating and brings biology into the whole. Any short statement does not do justice to such a scholarly work. Almost every society of mankind has explained the mystery of our surroundings and being by invoking a god or group of gods. Scientists work to acquire objective answers from the infinity of space or the inner machinery of the atom. Lanza proposes a biocentrist theory which ascribes the answer to the observer rather than the observed. The work is a scholarly consideration of science and philosophy that brings biology into the central role in unifying the whole. The book will appeal to an audience of many different disciplines because it is a new way of looking at the old problem of our existence. Most importantly, it makes you think.”
– Nobel Prize Winner E. Donnall Thomas
By: Sadhana Agarwal, Katherine L. Holton, Robert Lanza
Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to specific functional cell types can be achieved using methods that mimic in vivo embryonic developmental programs. Current protocols for generating hepatocytes from hESCs are hampered by inefficient differentiation procedures that lead to low yields and large cellular heterogeneity. We […]
The Biocentric Universe Theory: Life Creates Time, Space, and the Cosmos Itself
The Biocentric Universe Theory: Stem-cell guru Robert Lanza presents a radical new view of the universe and everything in it.
Discover Magazine
Robert Lanza’s co-authored “Principles of Tissue Engineering” is now available for purchase at Amazon.com. To get more information on this work, please read the description or follow the link below.
Description: First published in 1997, Principles of Tissue Engineering is the widely recognized definitive resource in the field. The third edition provides a much needed update […]
“Principles of Regenerative Medicine”, which Robert Lanza provided assistance in editing, is now available on the book purchasing website Elsevier.com. Below is a description and link to the work:
Description: Virtually any disease that results from malfunctioning, damaged, or failing tissues may be potentially cured through regenerative medicine therapies, by either regenerating the damaged tissues in […]
Lanza’s Research Featured on the Cover of U.S. News & World Report
Lanza’s team cloned the first human embryo. How American scientists made history by creating lifesaving embryos cells.
U.S. News & World Report
Lanza Receives “Rave Award” for Medicine
Robert Lanza Receives Award for Eye-Opening Work on Embryonic Stem Cells
Recent evidence suggests the existence of progenitor cells in adult tissues that are capable of differentiating into vascular structures as well as into all hematopoietic cell lineages. Here we describe an efficient and reproducible method for generating large numbers of these bipotential progenitors—known as hemangioblasts—from human embryonic stem (hES) cells using an in vitro differentiation system.
Source: TheNewAmericanScholar.org
Vice-President of Research & Scientific Development, Robert Lanza, M.D.’s, provocative new theory that time and space do not exist as physical realities independent of humans (and animals) has been published in a feature article “A New Theory of the Universe” in the Spring issue of “The American Scholar”, one of the nation’s leading literary and intellectual publications.
Robert Lanza Featured in People Magazine
Send in the Clones. Biologist Robert Lanza has a plan to help endangered species fight extinction.
People Magazine
by Robert Lanza, Robert Lanza (Editor)
This is the third of three planned volumes in the Methods in Enzymology series on the topic of stem cells. This volume is a unique anthology of stem cell techniques written by experts from the top laboratories in the world.
by Irina Klimanskaya, Robert Lanza (Editor)
This is the second of three planned volumes in the Methods in Enzymology series on the topic of stem cells. This volume is a unique anthology of stem cell techniques focusing on adult stem cells, and written by experts from the top laboratories in the world.
by Irina Klimanskaya, Robert Lanza (Editor)
This is the first of three planned volumes in the Methods in Enzymology series on the topic of stem cells. This volume is a unique anthology of stem cell techniques written by experts from the top laboratories in the world. The contributors not only have hands-on experience in the field but often have developed the original approaches that they share with great attention to detail.
Bruce A Fenderson, Ph.D. (Thomas Jefferson University)
This beautiful hardcover book provides a concise and complete introduction to the theory and practice of stem cell research. It includes 69 definitive chapters on topics ranging from “molecular bases of pluripotency” and “nuclear cloning and epigenetic reprogramming” to “ethics of human stem cell research.” The primary focus is on cellular and developmental biology.
By: Gosta Gahrton, The New England Journal of Medicine, June 29, 2006
After Ernest A. MCCulloch and James E. Till received the Albert Lasker Medical Research Award in Basic Research in 2005, they wrote a commentary in Nature Medicine. In it, they asked themselves, “Why now?” After all, their papers on the colony-assay model of cells from the mouse spleen—which described for the first time the hematopoietic stem cell of the bone marrow as a cell that is capable of both self-renewal and differentiation—are more than 40 years old. This book seems to have the answers.
by Robert Lanza (Editor), E. Donnall Thomas (Editor), James Thomson (Editor), Roger Pedersen (Editor), John Gearhart (Editor), Brigid Hogan (Editor), Douglas Melton (Editor), Michael West (Editor)
This abridged version of the bestselling reference Handbook of Stem Cells, Two-Volume Set attempts to incorporate all the essential subject matter of the original two-volume edition in a single volume.
Robert Lanza Featured on Front Page of New York Times
Stem Cell Test Tried on Mice Saves Embryo. Technique Could Shift Debate on Humans.
New York Times
A New Theory of the Universe: Biocentrism builds on quantum physics by adding life to the equation.
The American Scholar
Steve Goldman (University of Rochester Medical Center)
The definition of a stem cell—like that of beauty—lies in the eyes of the beholder. Do stem cells strictly refer to embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells—the pluripotent and self-renewing derivatives of blastocysts and embryonic gonads? Or should we include the multipotent but tissue-specified precursors of fetal organogenesis?
Featured on the Cover of Wired Magazine
Seven Days of Creation. The inside story of a human cloning experiment.
Wired Magazine
“…his mentors described him [Lanza] as a “genius,” a “renegade” thinker, even likening him to Einstein.”
“Robert Lanza is the living embodiment of the character played by Matt Damon in the movie Good Will Hunting. Growing up underprivileged in Stoughton, Mass., south of Boston, the young preteen caught the attention of Harvard Medical School researchers when he showed up on the university steps having successfully altered the genetics of chickens in his basement. Over the next decade, he was to be “discovered” and taken under the wing of scientific giants such as psychologist B. F. Skinner, immunologist Jonas Salk, and heart transplant pioneer Christiaan Barnard. His mentors described him as a “genius,” a “renegade” thinker, even likening him to Einstein.”
“Greatest Psychologist of All Time”
Most Influential Psychologists
(American Psychological Association)
1. B. F. Skinner
2. Jean Piaget
3. Sigmund Freud
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 38; 201 (1982)
Lanza (with Skinner & Starr)
Lanza & Skinner’s Work Featured in TIME Magazine
Pigeon Talk − A triumph for bird brains
TIME Magazine
Lanza & Skinner’s Work on Symbolic Communication Featured in New York Times
Pigeons’ ‘Conversation’ Triggers a Debate About Language
New York Times
Lanza & Skinner’s Work on Self-Awareness in New York Times
Science Watch: ‘Self-Awareness’ in Animals
New York Times
Lanza and Skinner’s Work Featured in My Weekly Reader
Pigeons Punch Buttons. Talking or Training?
My Weekly Reader
Work with Jonas Salk
Developed Polio Vaccine
J. Supramol. Struct 182;33 (1979)
Lanza (with Salk)
Work with Christiaan Barnard
Performed the World’s First Heart Transplant
New England Journal of Medicine 307; 1275 (1982)
Lanza (with Barnard & Cooper)
JAMA 249; 1746 (1983)
Lanza (with Barnard, Cooper & Cassidy)
American Heart Journal 107; 8 (1984)
Lanza (with Barnard, Cooper & Boyd)
Work with Professor Rodney Porter
Recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology
Lanza worked with Porter at Oxford University in 1977
Work with Dr. Gerald Edelman
Nobel-winner was “The Father of Modern Immunology”
Lanza worked with Edelman at Rockefeller University in 1976
by Robert Lanza (Editor), Irving Weissman (Editor), James Thomson (Editor), Roger Pedersen (Editor), Brigid Hogan (Editor), John Gearhart (Editor), Helen Blau (Editor), Douglas Melton (Editor), Malcolm Moore (Editor), Catherine Verfaillie (Editor), E. Donnall Thomas (Editor), Michael West (Editor)
New discoveries in the field of stem cell research have frequently appeared in the news and in scientific literature. Research in this area promises to lead to new therapies for cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and a wide variety of other diseases.
Source: Scientific American June 2004 issue
Stem cells raise the prospect of regenerating failing body parts and curing diseases that have so far defied drug-based treatment. Patients are buoyed by reports of the cells’ near-miraculous properties, but many of the most publicized scientific studies have subsequently been refuted, and other data have been distorted in debates over the propriety of deriving some of these cells from human embryos.
by Jose Cibelli (Editor), Robert Lanza (Editor), Keith Campbell (Editor), Michael D. West (Editor)
Principles of Cloning is the first comprehensive book on cloning since Dolly the sheep was cloned. The contributing authors are the principal investigators on each of the animal species cloned to date and are expertly qualified to present the state-of-the-art information in their respective areas.
by Anthony Atala (Editor), Robert P. Lanza (Editor)
Tissue engineering is a dynamic and rapidly growing field emerging from the cross-disciplinary efforts of engineers, physical and life scientists, and physicians to create new tissues and organs from cells and synthetic molds. Recent developments have led to a great expansion of clinical applications using tissue engineering technologies.
by Robert Lanza (Editor), Robert Langer (Editor), Joseph P. Vacanti (Editor)
The first edition of the book, published in 1997, is the definite reference in the field. Since that time, however, the discipline has grown tremendously, and few experts would have been able to predict the explosion in our knowledge of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation, the variety of stem cells, new polymers and materials that are now available, or even the successful introduction of the first tissue-engineered products into the marketplace.
